|
Expenditures by Canadian corporations on research and development accounted for about 50% of all spending on scientific research and development in Canada in 2007. In the corporate sector research and development tends to focus on the creation or invention of new products and services or more commonly the incremental improvement of existing products and services. A good example of the former would be the invention of the BlackBerry, by the Waterloo, Ontario-based company, Research in Motion, while an example of the latter would be the development of a new class of aircraft, the regional jet by Bombardier Aerospace of Montreal, Quebec. It is rare for corporations to undertake what might be considered "pure" scientific research. In almost all cases the corporate bottom line is a paramount consideration and the payoff for such activity is not usually immediately evident. However it is true that there are times when the difference between the two is not at all clear, as was the case for example, with atomic research at Chalk River, Ontario, during World War II and in the post war years, which led to the development of the CANDU power reactor. More recently, research in the field of nanotechnology blurs the distinction as well. Is investigation into the principles of the manipulation of atoms science or engineering? In 2006 total spending on scientific and industrial research in Canada amounted to C$28.067 billion or about 2 percent of GDP. In 2006 Canadian corporations spent C$14.858 billion on research and development, representing about half of all R&D spending in Canada and about one percent of Canada's GDP. In 2007 Canadian corporations spent C$15.773 billion on research and development, again representing about half of all R&D expenditures in Canada and an amount equal to about one percent of the GDP. Below is a list of the largest corporate R&D spenders in Canada ranked by size. Also described are sectorial R&D expenditures for the fiscal year 2006. A section that lists some important government R&D funding agencies is also included. ==Largest Canadian corporate research and development spenders== *Canada's ICT Top Corporate R&D Spenders 2005 Fiscal Year (in US$ millions) * *Nortel Networks Corporation * 1,855.9 Comm/telecom equipment * *Bell Canada 1,436.0 Telecommunications services * *ATI Technologies Inc. * 372.5 Computer equipment * *IBM Canada Ltd. (fs) 283.1 Software and computer services * *Ericsson Canada Inc. (fs) 165.9 Comm/telecom equipment * *Alcatel Canada Inc. (fs) 160.1 Comm/telecom equipment * *Cognos Incorporated * 106.0 Software & computer services * *Telus Corporation 103.2 Telecommunications services * *Research In Motion Limited * 101.2 Comm/telecom equipment * *PMC Sierra, Ltd. (fs) 85.1 Electronic parts and components * *Zarlink Semiconductor Inc. * 65.2 Comm/telecom equipment * *Open Text Corporation * 65.1 Software & computer services * * CGI Group Inc. 64.5 Software & computer services * *Geac Computer Corporation Limited *+ 57.9 Software & computer services * *Hummingbird Ltd. * 46.4 Software & computer services * *Aastra Technologies Limited 43.2 Comm/telecom equipment * *Motorola Canada Limited (fs) 42.1 Comm/telecom equipment * *Mitel Networks Corporation * 41.4 Comm/telecom equipment * *Source: RESEARCH Infosource Inc., Canada's Top 100 Corporate R&D List, 2006 (2/2007) *Canada's Life Sciences Top Corporate R&D Spenders 2005 Fiscal Year(in US$ Millions) * *Apotex Inc. 151.1 * *Pfizer Canada Inc. (fs) 147.5 * *GlaxoSmithKline Inc. (fs) 111.8 * *Merck Frosst Canada Ltd. (fs) 96.6 * *Biovail Corporation * 88.9 * *AstraZeneca Canada Inc. (fs) 79.8 * *Sanofi Pasteur Limited (fs) 76.6 * *QLT Inc. * 74.6 * *MDS Inc. 71.8 * *Sanofi-aventis Canada Inc. (fs) 59.6 * *Vasogen Inc. 59.1 * *Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. (fs)53.6 * *Wyeth Pharmaceuticals (fs) 50.0 * *Neurochem Inc. 41.7 * *Source: RESEARCH Infosource Inc., Canada's Top 100 Corporate R&D List, 2006 (2/2007) *Canada's Aerospace Top Corporate R&D Spenders 2005 Fiscal Year(in US$ Millions) * *Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. (fs) 389.5 * *Bombardier Inc. * 175.0 * *CAE Inc. 88.8 * *Honeywell Canada (fs) 76.0 * *MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. 40.4 * *Source: RESEARCH Infosource Inc., Canada's Top 100 Corporate R&D List, 2006 (2/2007) *Canada's Energy, Oil and Gas Top Corporate R&D Spenders 2005 Fiscal Year(in US$ Millions) * *Atomic Energy of Canada Limited 218.0 * *Suncor Energy Inc. 89.1 * *EnCana Corporation * 80.0 * *Ballard Power Systems Inc. * 75.5 * *Imperial Oil Limited 56.1 * *Syncrude Canada Ltd. 36.6 * *Source: RESEARCH Infosource Inc., Canada's Top 100 Corporate R&D List, 2006 (2/2007) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Canadian industrial research and development organizations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|